Here is a new reasoning principle which I have not encountered before.
Majority Decision Principle:
Given propositions p₁, p₂, p₃ and q, suppose
(1) ¬pᵢ ⇒ ¬q ∨ ¬¬q, for i = 1, 2, 3
(2) pᵢ ⇒ ¬pⱼ, for i ≠ j
Then ¬q ∨ ¬¬q.
The principle is classically valid, but not intuitionistically provable. Nevertheless, it is realized by a program, here's the idea. Suppose we are given three algorithms for the same decision problem, but any one of them might be faulty—producing a wrong answer or no answer at all. Interpreting pᵢ as “the i-th algorithm is faulty,” condition (1) says that a non-faulty algorithm makes the correct decision, and condition (2) ensures that at most one algorithm is faulty. In this situation, we can make the decision by running all three algorithms in parallel and waiting for two of them to agree.
To turn this into a program, we need a model of computation that supports interleaving or parallel execution. So the validity of the principle depends on the computational model. For instance, Turing machines can realize it, since a machine can be constructed that interleaves multiple computations. It should be impossible to realize the principle in λ-calculus, although I don’t have a proof.
You might be tempted to generalize the conclusion to q ∨ ¬ q, but that won't work: if two realizers claim to have realized q, we don't know which one provided a valid realizer for q (realizing q requires evidence, but realizing ¬q does not).
There will be “k out of n” variations. Here's one, as an exercise: give a Majority Decision Principle whose conclusion is ¬q ∨ ¬r where q and r are arbitrary.
The law of prison is the law of survival; don't be a heretic in front of your friends, and don't be defiant in front of the guards. Escape when you can, but never fail at escape. If you fail at escape, be deceptively compromising; if you lie, lie with panache and bravery. Bravery, fortitude, and the ability to feed on corpses are the qualities needed from a prisoner. A prisoner is unlike a warrior in the need to show weakness. A prisoner is like a warrior in possessing intent to kill.
I could never pick a hobby. I guess I'm a top tier saxophonist, but I don't enjoy saxophone, I just practice it compulsively. I'm also a top tier horse rider, but I abandoned that years ago because it was too time consuming. Archery, climbing, too expensive. Guess I'm just someone who invents programming languages and shit talks other mathematicians using a whiteboard and a gold-plated pencil
shoggoth-like, a bit spacey, a bit outgroupey